The components and functions of a wheelchair
Let's first take a look at the components of a wheelchair and their functions:
Grip: Also known as a handle, it is mainly used by caregivers. Sometimes it can also be used by users with weak back and waist muscles to help them better maintain their body balance.
Rear wheel: The main driving wheel of a wheelchair. The size of the wheel determines the ease of driving, and larger wheels are better for driving. Wheels are generally purchased to be about the same size as the tires of a bicycle for easy replacement later (they can be changed at a bicycle store). There are generally two types of wheels: inflatable and Pu Filled solid rubber.
Generally, inflatable ones have a buffering effect, making people in wheelchairs more comfortable. However, in the event of a flat tire, it can be rather troublesome for those using wheelchairs. Solid ones are not afraid of the risk of a blowout and do not require frequent inflation. However, when encountering bumpy roads, users may feel uncomfortable sitting on them.
Wheel ring: Also known as the hand push ring, it is an operating device used by the user to drive the rear wheels. The materials and shapes of the rotation are different, so the choice should be based on the patient's condition. Handwheel rings with protrusions can help people with poor grasping ability. It is not recommended that the wheel rings be too smooth, as the rear wheels are driven by the friction between the hand and the wheel rings.
Front wheel: A small wheel that can freely rotate around the axis in front of the large wheel, with a diameter of 15 to 20 centimeters. The wheels come in various sizes. The large ones are easier to go up steps but more difficult to turn, while the small ones are easier to turn but more difficult to go up steps. The width of the front wheels also has a certain influence. The narrower ones are prone to getting stuck in the horizontal stripes of the manhole cover, while the wider ones increase friction when turning. There are also inflatable and solid ones.
Backrest: When choosing a wheelchair, the height and tilt Angle of the backrest are very important for maintaining the user's good posture. High-backrest wheelchairs are suitable for people with poor trunk flatness. For those with good flatness, the backrest should be below the scapula, so as not to affect the movement of the scapula. The tilt Angle of the backrest is generally around 15°.
Armrest: Provides support for the upper limbs. Full-length: Provides full support for the user's forearm. Half-length (table length) : It can bring the wheelchair closer to the table surface. The armrest are available in fixed, detachable and lifted types. The movable armrest are convenient for transfer. The height of the armrest should be determined based on one's own condition. People with poor trunk balance can choose a slightly higher handrail.
Cushion: A suitable cushion can provide excellent comfort and body position support, preventing pressure sores by effectively buffering and distributing pressure. The choice of cushion is particularly important for those who feel uncomfortable in their buttocks. There are many types of cushions: inflatable type, gel type, foam type and hybrid type. The selection of a general cushion needs to be made by an occupational therapist after pressure measurement.
Footrests: They provide support for the feet and calves, and are available in fixed, rotating, detachable and upward-lifting types. The length of the footrest should be approximately the same as that of the calf (note to subtract the thickness of the cushion), and the footrest should be at least 5 centimeters off the ground.
