Abstract: As the main trend of future development in the automotive field, light weight must be effectively used in polymer materials, which can realize the lightweight of automobiles, can also have a certain role in energy saving and environmental protection, and can also make automobile manufacturing more comprehensible. Perfect, improve the comprehensive performance of the car, and can reasonably use polyurethane materials in the structure and decoration of automobile manufacturing.
Key words: polyurethane; automobile manufacturing; application
This paper briefly analyzes and summarizes the application and formulation requirements of polyurethane materials in various structures in the process of automobile manufacturing, mainly for the analysis and hope of polyurethane foams, reaction injection molded polyurethane products, polyurethane elastomers and polyurethane adhesives. It can play a role in promoting the development of the automobile manufacturing industry in the future.
1. Polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is mainly made of isocyanate and hydroxyl compound foamed under the action of polymerization. Polyurethane foam can be mainly divided into soft and semi-rigid and rigid materials. Flexible foam is mainly used in automobile manufacturing. The materials that people can directly contact, such as the headrest and the car roof, can rebound because of their characteristics, which can effectively protect the safety of people and improve the safety factor of the car. The semi-hard materials are mainly used for structures such as instrument panels, which can effectively save manufacturing time and have high stability. Rigid materials are mainly used in car cabin insulation. Polyurethane foams usually increase the flame retardancy of foamed plastics by adding flame retardants to delay combustion, prevent smoke or even extinguish ignition components, thereby improving the safety of automobiles. It has a good filling effect, which can prevent the car from being corroded and reduce the noise inside the car.
2. Reaction injection molded polyurethane products
The reaction injection molding method has the advantages of low equipment investment and operating costs, beautiful product appearance, good impact resistance, and large design flexibility. This polyurethane product is formed by manufacturing liquid raw materials in a mold. There is almost no difference in the strength of steel, but it is 50% lighter than steel, which can better promote the lightweight of automobiles. It is mainly used for parts such as body and steering wheel. As the main structure of the car, the steering wheel can effectively ensure the safety of the family cannibals. In the event of an accident, it can reduce the damage to the driver and ensure the stability of the structure. Many car bumpers also use such products, and steel bars can also be embedded inside to better ensure that drivers receive the least threat. When the body panel is made of polyurethane material, it is mainly because it has a good impact force, which can ensure the comprehensive performance of the body and can not be affected by deformation in various environments.
3. Polyurethane elastomer
Polyurethane elastomers are mainly used as key structures such as shock-absorbing buffer blocks in the application of automobile manufacturing. Because the elastic polyurethane material has good cushioning performance, it can be used in combination with high-strength spring devices at the chassis of the car to improve the shock-absorbing buffer block. It can also enhance the comfort of the car, and most cars use such materials and technologies. The airbag part is also made of polyurethane material with high elasticity, because this structure is the last barrier to protect the driver and plays an important role. It is required that the strength and elasticity of the airbag must meet the relevant requirements, and elastic polyurethane is the most suitable. Choose, and the polyurethane material is relatively light, most airbags are only about 200g.
Tires are an indispensable part of the car's driving. The service life of ordinary rubber tires is relatively short, and they cannot be used in a strong environment, and they also have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, better materials need to be selected. , and polyurethane materials can meet these requirements, and also have the characteristics of low investment and relatively simple process. The heat resistance of polyurethane tires is average during sudden braking, which is also the reason for their limited use in specific applications. Generally, polyurethane tires are It is a casting process, which can make the tires adapt to different requirements, so that the tires will not pollute and are very green. I hope that the problem of polyurethane tires not being able to withstand high temperatures can be solved in the future, so that they can be widely used.
4. Polyurethane Adhesive
The hydrogen bond between the polyurethane and the material to be bonded will enhance the cohesion of the molecules and further make the bond stronger. The polyurethane adhesive also has good toughness and adjustability. The polyurethane adhesive has excellent shear strength and resistance. Impact, suitable for various structural adhesive fields, with excellent flexibility, this polyurethane adhesive has excellent performance, can adapt to the adhesion of different thermal expansion coefficients, has strong adhesion, and also has excellent cushioning and Shock absorption function, as the windshield glue of the car, the polyurethane material can achieve a good sealing effect of the car, make the car glass and the body more stable, increase the overall rigidity and strength of the car, and reduce the weight of the car. drive. Polyurethane materials are also used for the interior of many cars, because the water resistance of this material is particularly good, which can prevent the decorations from deforming when exposed to water, and make the interior of the car more beautiful and comfortable.
5. Conclusion
The lightweight of automobile manufacturing has become the main trend of automobile manufacturing, and it is also a means to measure the level of automobile manufacturing. There are different application methods, only my country's polyurethane materials are better used in automobile manufacturing, and the research on polyurethane materials has solved the relevant bottlenecks, such as the heat resistance of tires, which also requires corresponding measures in the automobile manufacturing industry. With the joint research of experts and the support of relevant policies, it is hoped that the domestic automobile manufacturing level will continue to improve.
